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Subject: *~ JESUS CHRIST ~*
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mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:22am
This topic is about JESUS CHRIST .. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:23am
Jesus Christ (between 8 and 4 bc-ad 29?), the central figure of
Christianity, born in Bethlehem in Judea. The chronology of the
Christian era is reckoned from a 6th-century dating of the year of
his birth, which is now recognized as being from four to eight years
in error. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:24am
Christians traditionally regard Jesus as the incarnate Son
of God, and as having been divinely conceived by Mary, the wife of
Joseph, a carpenter of Nazareth. The name Jesus is derived from a
Greek rendering of the Hebrew name Joshua, or in full Yehoshuah
(Yahweh is deliverance). The title Christ is derived from the Greek
christos, a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (anointed one), or
Messiah. Christ was used by Jesus' early followers, who regarded
him as the promised deliverer of Israel and later was made part of
Jesus' proper name by the church, which regards him as the redeemer
of all humanity.
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mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:26am
The prin l sources of information concerning Jesus' life are the
Gospels, written in the latter half of the 1st century as the
generation that had known Jesus firsthand began to die. The Epistles
of Saint Paul and the Acts of the Apostles also contain information
about Jesus. The scantiness of additional source material and the
theological nature of biblical records caused some 19th-century
biblical scholars to doubt his historical existence. Others,
interpreting the available sources in a variety of ways, produced
biographies of Jesus in which his life was purged of all supernatural
elements. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:27am
Today, scholars generally agree that Jesus was a historical
figure whose existence is authenticated both by Christian writers and
by several Roman and Jewish historians.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:29am
Two of the Gospels, those of Saint Matthew and Saint Luke, provide
information about Jesus' birth and childhood. They also provide
genealogies tracing Jesus' descent through the Hebrew patriarch
Abraham and the 10th-century bc king David
(Matthew 1:1-17; Luke 3:23-38). *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:29am
Presumably, the genealogies
are offered as proof of Jesus' messiahship. According to Matthew
(1:18-25) and Luke (1:1-2:20), Jesus was miraculously conceived by
his mother. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:30am
He was born in Bethlehem, where Joseph and Mary had
gone to comply with the Roman edict of enrollment for the census. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:31am
Matthew alone (2:13-23) describes the flight into Egypt, when
Joseph and Mary took the child out of reach of the Judean king
Herod the Great. Only Luke relates the compliance of Joseph and
Mary with the Jewish law, which required circumcision and
presentation of the firstborn son at the Temple in Jerusalem
(2:21-24). *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:32am
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mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:33am
Luke also describes their later journey (2:41-51)
with the young Jesus to the Temple for the Passover feast. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:34am
The Gospels mention nothing concerning Jesus from the time
he was 12 years old until the time he began his public ministry,
about 18 years later. See Matthew, Gospel According to; Luke,
Gospel According to. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:35am
Using Capernaum as a base, Jesus, accompanied by his 12 chosen
disciples, traveled to neighboring towns and villages, proclaiming
the advent of the kingdom of God, as had many of the Hebrew prophets
before him. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:36am
When the sick and infirm asked help from him, he sought
to heal them by divine power. He stressed the infinite love of God
for the humble and weak, and he promised pardon and eternal life in
heaven to the most hardened sinners, provided their repentance was
sincere. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:37am
The essence of these teachings is presented in Matthew 5:1-7:27,
in the Sermon on the Mount, containing the Beatitudes (5:3-12) and the Lord's
Prayer (6:9-13). Jesus' emphasis on moral sincerity rather than strict adherence
to religious ritual incurred the enmity of the Pharisees, who feared that his
teachings might lead to disregard for the authority of the Law, or Torah. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:38am
Others
feared that Jesus' activities and followers might prejudice the Roman authorities
against any restoration of the Davidic monarchy.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:40am
Despite this growing opposition, Jesus' popularity increased, especially among
social outcasts and the oppressed. Eventually, the enthusiasm of his followers
led them to make an attempt to take him by force, to make him king (John 6:15).
Jesus, however, frustrated this attempt, withdrawing with his disciples by ship
over the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias) to Capernaum (John 6:15-21). *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:41am
In Capernaum,
he delivered a discourse in which he proclaimed himself the bread of life
(John 6:35). This discourse, emphasizing spiritual communion with God,
bewildered many in his audience. They thought the discourse a hard saying
(John 6:60), and thereupon they drew back and no longer went about with him
(John 6:66).
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:42am
Jesus then divided his time between travels to cities in and outside the
province of Galilee and periods of retreat with his disciples in Bethany
(Mark 11:11-12) and Ephraim (John 11:54), two villages near Jerusalem. The
synoptists generally agree that Jesus spent most of his time in Galilee,
but John centers Jesus' public ministry in the province of Judea, reporting
that Jesus made numerous visits to Jerusalem.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:44am
According to John, his
discourses and the miracles he performed at this timeparticularly the
raising of Lazarus in Bethany (John 11:1-44)made many people believe in
him (John 11:45). The most significant moment in Jesus' public ministry,
however, was Simon Peter's realization at Caesarea Philippi that Jesus was
the Christ (Matthew 16:16; Mark 8:29; Luke 9:20), although, according to the
synoptic Gospels, Jesus had not previously revealed this to Peter or the
other disciples.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:44am
This revelation, and the subsequent prediction by Jesus
of his death and resurrection, the conditions of discipleship that he laid
down, and his transfiguration (at which time a voice from heaven was heard
proclaiming Jesus to be the Son of God, thus confirming the revelation)
are the primary authority for the claims and historical work of the
Christian church. (Explicit authorization by Jesus is recorded in Matthew 16:17-19.)
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:50am
All three Synoptic Gospels (the first three Gospels, so called
because they present a similar overall view of the life of Christ)
record Jesus' public ministry as beginning after the imprisonment
of John the Baptist, and as lasting for about one year. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:50am
The Gospel According to John describes it as beginning with
the choosing of his first disciples (1:40-51), and as lasting
for perhaps three years.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:52am
According to John (18:13-24), Jesus was brought after his arrest to Annas,
the father-in-law of the high priest Caiaphas, for a preliminary examination.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:53am
The synoptists make no mention of this incident: They report only that Jesus
was taken to a meeting of the supreme council of the Jews, the Sanhedrin. At
the council meeting, Caiaphas asked Jesus to declare whether he was the Christ,
the Son of God (Matthew 26:63). Upon his affirmation (Mark 14:62), the council
condemned Jesus to death for blasphemy. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:54am
Only the Roman procurator, however, was
empowered to impose capital punishment, and so, on Friday morning, Jesus was
taken before the procurator, Pontius Pilate, for sentencing. Before pro nouncing
judgment, Pilate asked him if he was the king of the Jews, and Jesus replied,
You have said so (Mark 15:2). Thereafter, Pilate tried several expedients to
save Jesus before ultimately leaving the decision to the crowd that gathered.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:55am
When the crowd insisted on his death, Pilate ordered him executed (Matthew 27:24).
(Pilate's role in the death of Jesus continues to be debated by historians.
The early church tended to place a majority of the blame on the Jews and to
deal less harshly with Pilate.)
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 08:56am
Jesus was taken to Golgotha and executed by crucifixion, the Roman punishment
for political offenders and criminals. Two robbers were crucified also, one on
each side of him. On the cross, above Jesus' head, they put the charge against
him, which read This is Jesus the King of the Jews (Matthew 27:37). Late in
the day, his body was taken down, and because of the approach of the Sabbath,
when burial was not permitted, it was hastily laid in a nearby tomb by Joseph
of Arimathea. (John 19:39-42 relates that Joseph was assisted by Nicodemus.) *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:14am
Early on the following Sunday, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James
(Mark 16:1), going to the tomb to anoint Jesus' body for burial, found the
tomb empty. (Matthew 28:2 reports that an angel appeared after an earthquake
and rolled back the stone.)
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:15am
Inside the tomb, a young man (Mark 16:5) clothed
in white announced to them that Jesus had risen. (This news is announced by
the angel in Matthew 28:5-6 and by two men in dazzling apparel in Luke 24:4.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:16am
According to John 21:11-18, Mary Magdalene saw two angels and then the risen
Christ.) Later on the same day, according to Luke, John, and Mark, Jesus
appeared to the women and to other of the disciples at various locations
in and around Jerusalem. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:16am
Most of the disciples did not doubt that they had
again seen and heard the master they had known and followed during the time
of his ministry in Galilee and Judea. A few disciples, however, doubted it at
first (Matthew 28:17). Thomas, who had not been present at these first
appearances, also doubted that Jesus had risen (John 20:24-29). As recorded
in the New Testament, the Resurrection became one of the most compelling
doctrines of Christianity, because, according to this doctrine, by rising
from the dead, Jesus gave humanity hope of a life after death.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:17am
All the Gospels add that, for a brief time after his resurrection, Jesus
further instructed his disciples in matters pertaining to the kingdom of
God. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:19am
He also commissioned them to Go ... and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Spirit (Matthew 28:19). Finally, according to Luke (24:50-51), at Bethany
Jesus was seen to ascend into the heavens by his disciples. Acts 1:2-12 reports
that the ascension occurred 40 days after Jesus' resurrection. The doctrines that
Jesus expounded and those concerning him were subsequently developed into the
prin l tenets of Christian theology. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:20am
The account of the public ministry and immediately preceding events
is generally the same in the Synoptic Gospels. Each describes the
baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River by John the Baptist. Each
reports that after the baptism Jesus retired to the neighboring
wilderness for a 40-day period of fasting and meditation. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:21am
All
three synoptists mention that in this period, which some biblical
scholars view as a time of ritual preparation, the devil, or Satan,
tried to tempt Jesus. Matthew (4:3-9) and Luke (4:3-12) add
descriptions of the temptations to which Jesus was subjected.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:21am
After Jesus' baptism and retirement in the wilderness, he
returned to Galilee, visited his home in Nazareth (Luke 4:16-30),
where his fellow Nazarenes objected to him, and then moved to
Capernaum and began teaching there. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:23am
After Jesus' baptism and retirement in the wilderness, he
returned to Galilee, visited his home in Nazareth (Luke 4:16-30),
where his fellow Nazarenes objected to him, and then moved to
Capernaum and began teaching there. About this time, according
to the synoptists, Jesus called his first disciples, Simon who
is called Peter and Andrew his brother (Matthew 4:18) and James
the son of Zebedee and John his brother (Matthew 4:21). Later, as
his followers increased in number, Jesus selected 12 disciples to
work with him *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:25am
On the approach of Passover, Jesus traveled toward Jerusalem for the
last time. (John mentions numerous trips to Jerusalem and more than
one Passover, whereas the synoptists roughly divide the public ministry
into a Galilean section and a Judean section and record one Passover,
which came after Jesus left Galilee for Judea and Jerusalem.) *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:26am
On Tuesday, Jesus also revealed to his disciples the signs that would
usher in his Parousia, or second coming. See Second Coming.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:27am
On Wednesday, while Jesus was in Bethany, a woman anointed his head
with a costly ointment. Jesus interpreted this act as a symbolic
preparation for his burial (Matthew 26:6-13; Mark 14:3-9). Meanwhile,
in Jerusalem, the priests and scribes, concerned that Jesus' activities
would turn the Romans against them and the Jewish people (John 11:48),
conspired with Judas Iscariot, one of his disciples, to arrest and kill
Jesus by stealth, for they feared the people (Luke 22:2). John 11:47-53
places the conspiracy before Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:28am
On Thursday, Jesus ate the Passover supper with his disciples and during
the meal referred to his imminent betrayal and death as a sacrifice for
the sins of humanity. In blessing the unleavened bread and wine during the
Passover services, he called the bread his body and the wine his blood of
the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins
(Matthew 26:27), and he bid the disciples partake of each. This ritual,
the Eucharist, has been repeated by Christians ever since and has become
the central act of worship in the Christian church.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:29am
After the meal Jesus and his disciples went to the Mount of Olives, where,
according to Matthew (26:30-32) and Mark (14:26-28), Jesus predicted his
resurrection. Knowing then that the hour of his death was near, Jesus
retired to the Garden of Gethsemane, where, being in agony (Luke 22:44),
he meditated and prayed. A crowd sent by the religious authorities, and led
by Judas Iscariot, arrested him in Gethsemane.
*
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:30am
The life and teachings of Jesus were often matters for dispute and varying
interpretation in Christian history. Early in the life of the church, for
example, it became necessary to regularize beliefs about Jesus and his role,
to aid in conversion and to answer those Christians who adopted views
unacceptable to church leaders. *
mr.dev 14.05.10 - 09:31am
For discussion of some of these questions,
see such separate entries as Christology; Incarnation; Trinity. Traditions
later coalesced around various events in the life of Christ. *
