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Subject: !!! BOMB !!!
Replies: 79 Views: 1436
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:34am
Every Man saying that Girls are Bomb .. But this topic is not about that BOMB its about Nuclear bomb, radioactive bomb and many more bombs .. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:35am
Bomb, explosive free-falling weapon that primarily uses gravity
to travel from its launcher to its target. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:36am
Bombs carry and
disperse either a lethal or a nonlethal substance called the
payload. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:36am
Bombs are similar to explosive artillery shells, but
bombs are dropped from the air rather than being propelled from
the ground. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:37am
A typical bomb has a long, streamlined form and is
comprised of a steel casing containing the payload and a detonating
mechanism that causes the bomb to explode. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:37am
Most bombs also have
small stabilizing fins at the rear. A bomb usually hangs from
shackles, either in a bomb bay inside an airplane or mounted under
its wing, until the pilot or bombardier triggers its release. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:37am
After the bomb has fallen a preselected distance, a spinning wheel arms
the bomb, readying it for detonation. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:37am
A fuse detonates the bomb
and can be triggered in several ways, such as by barometric pressure,
a radio altimeter, a timer, or by contact with the target.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:38am
Bombs have played an important part in warfare of the last 150 years.
The first bombs were dropped from airships (lighter-than-air vessels
such as balloons, dirigibles and other airships) in the mid-1800s,
but bombing from the air began in earnest during World War I (1914-1918).
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:38am
Countries began using airplanes as bombers because they were faster
and less vulnerable than airships, and could bomb with greater precision.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:38am
World War II (1939-1945) saw even greater use of bombing as a weapon of
war. Airplanes could travel great distances and drop bombs well
behind battle lines, deep into enemy territory. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:39am
Bombs were first
used against troops and other military targets, but as technology
and the range of airplanes improved, the role of bombing expanded.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:39am
During World War II, factories, cities, railroads, and bridges were
bombed in an effort to weaken a countrys ability to make war. This
strategy continues today.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:40am
Both smart and dumb bombs are in use today. Most bombs are dumb,
meaning they fall where gravity takes them. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:40am
Bombsights are used by
high-altitude bomber aircraft to drop the bomb as close as possible
to the target area. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:40am
These types of bombs cost less per pound of
payload than weapons such as guided missiles or artillery projectiles,
but they are also much less accurate. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:41am
Weapons designers have improved
the accuracy of some bombs by adding pop-out wings, moveable fins, and
laser seekers; these are called smart bombs. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:41am
Another version of a smart
bomb is a Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM). The JDAM is a guidance
system attached to a dumb bomb. It is also known as a satellite-guided
precision bomb because it is guided by an array of satellites that form
part of the global positioning system. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:41am
Users of smart bombs hope to knock out their targets with fewer bombs, while reducing damage to
structures or injury to people near the target. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:42am
Modern bombs are broadly
classified as conventional (nonnuclear) bombs or nuclear (atomic or hydrogen)
bombs. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:42am
Bombs have been used in warfare for over 150 years. The first recorded aerial
assault with explosives occurred in 1849, when an Austrian officer launched
paper balloons carrying 13.5 kg (30.0 lb) bombs over Venice, Italy; no injuries
were reported. In 1910 American aviator Glenn Curtis demonstrated the
practicality of dropping bombs from airplanes as he successfully dropped
bombs on an outline of a battleship on Keuka Lake in New York. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 11:59am
The first aerial bombing by aircraft in combat came a year later in 1911, when an
Italian Blriot XI airplane dropped four 2.0 kg (4.4 lb) grenades on Ottoman
forces in Libya.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:11pm
Aerial bombing became more widespread in World War I, ranging from attacks
against troops to extended campaigns against large cities. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:12pm
Both sides disregarded
the then-recently signed Hague Conventions, which prohibited bombing, and
attacked military installations such as airship hangars and troop concentrations
as soon as the war began in August 1914. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:12pm
In addition to small explosives,
aircraft dropped solid-steel arrows called flechettes on enemy troops.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:12pm
German airships were used as the first strategic bombers during World War
I, but suffered heavy losses. They moved slowly and could be easily shot
down from the ground. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:13pm
Later bombing campaigns over London featured multiengine
airplanes. British and French bombers carried out similar missions over
western Germany. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:13pm
The first bombs used in these attacks were converted from
grenades and artillery shells, with fins attached for stability. Ultimately,
bombs specifically designed for aerial bombardment came into use in all
countries. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:13pm
Targeting equipment remained primitive and bombing was haphazard
and relatively ineffective.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:13pm
From 1919 to the beginning of World War II, bomb development led to more
streamlined casings, better fusing, and more powerful explosives. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:14pm
The Unites States and especially Germany practiced dive-bombing, where a plane
dives on its target and releases the bomb at low altitude. Bombing remained
inaccurate, however, despite improvements in bombsights, and often the bombs
would fail to explode on impact. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:14pm
In raids against large cities, hundreds of
bombers dropped thousands of bombs per raid to blast structures or start fires.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:15pm
Naval dive-bombers saw greater success in their attacks against ships, while some fighter-bombers enjoyed success *itting single targets such as tanks. A few
radio-controlled glide bombs, which were controlled by the bombardier, were
dropped successfully by Germany starting in 1943; two sank the Italian battleship
Roma as it sailed to surrender to the British. At the end of World War II, however,
the basic bomb remained an unguided, gravity-driven weapon.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:15pm
Smart-bomb technology first made a measurable impact during the late stages
of the Vietnam War (1959-1975), where a few U.S. laser-guided bombs knocked
down bridges that several hundred dumb bombs had missed. Bomb delivery became
more deliberate because each bombs target could be chosen individually.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:15pm
In the Persian Gulf War (1991) between Iraq and an international coalition of
forces led by the United States, smart bombs made up only 10 percent of the
tonnage dropped but were credited with most of the damage. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:16pm
Special deep
penetration laser-guided smart bombs were developed for the war to attack
reinforced or underground targets. These bombs could find a target and penetrate
deep into it before exploding. Dumb bombs were also used in the conflict and
continue to be used by military planners in conjunction with smart bombs. B-52
bombers dropped thousands of tons of dumb bombs on Iraqi troop and equipment
positions. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:16pm
Cluster bombs shredded defenses and littered the desert with unexploded
submunitions, making Iraqi military movement (and postwar cleanup) difficult.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:16pm
During the U.S. and British invasion of Iraq in 2003, a majority of the bombs
used were smart bombs, particularly JDAM-equipped general-purpose bombs. Cluster
bombs were also used, as were bunker-busting bombs, devices designed to penetrate
underground bunkers housing Iraqi command and control facilities. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:17pm
Conventional bombs can carry a variety of payloads. Bombs that carry an
explosive are called general-purpose bombs. Firebombs are designed to
spread fires, rather than explode their targets. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:18pm
Chemical bombs are
filled with chemical or biological warfare agents, such as nerve gas.
Cluster bombs break apart into smaller bombs when dropped. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:18pm
Leaflet bombs are used to drop messages over enemy territory, often to demoralize an
enemy or to provide surrender instructions.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:18pm
Most bombs carry high-explosive fillers and are known as general-purpose
(GP) bombs. Fillers make up as much as 50 percent of a bombs weight.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:19pm
The fillers blast contributes most of the destructive effect, including
burning and shattering buildings, people, and other targets. British GP
bombs of World War II, which they called cookies, were large and bulky,
and had relatively thin walls to carry as much explosive as possible.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:19pm
Smaller jet aircraft (from the 1950s onward) began carrying bombs externally
under their wings, rather than within the plane in large bomb bays. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:19pm
As a
result, later GP bombs took on a much more streamlined shape to improve
accuracy and reduce drag when carried externally.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:19pm
Some types of bombs first penetrate deep into the target, then explode.
These are used against armored targets such as tanks or fortified buildings
such as command posts. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:19pm
Two of the biggest conventional bombs ever used were
deep penetrators developed by Britain during World War II. The Tallboy
weighed 5,400 kg (11,900 lb) and the Grand Slam weighed 10,000 kg (22,000 lb).
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:20pm
The Grand Slams powerful underground explosion was so massive that it
became known as the earthquake bomb. Other bombs have casings designed
to fragment readily, shredding into thousands of pieces that spray out
in a deadly cloud. *
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:20pm
Fuel-air explosives are bombs that carry flammable
liquid that is vaporized in mid-air over a target. As the flammable fuel
vapor drifts down, a detonator explodes, creating a tremendous blast effect.
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:23pm
One of the earliest bomb fillers was trinitrotoluene (TNT), first used in
1904. Amatol is a filler that combines TNT with ammonium nitrate for a more
intense explosion. Other fillers include RDX (trimethylene trinitramine or
cyclonite), which has a greater shattering effect, and Torpex (TNT, cyclonite,
and aluminum powder).
*
braveman 18.05.10 - 12:23pm
Smart bombs are modified general-purpose bombs that can be guided to
their target. These are also sometimes known as glide bombs. Some smart
bombs are fitted with a laser seeker that homes in on a laser beam focused
on the target. *
